Influence of Different Nano Materials on Mechanical Properties of Plain Concrete

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.6.1389 129  Abstract—This research aims to study the influences of three types of Nano materials on concrete compressive strength, considered Nano types were Nano-Iron Oxide Fe2O3 (NF), Nano-Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 (NM), and Nano-Silica SiO2 (NS). A constant concrete mix and water content were considered. The used percentages of different types of (NF, NM, and NS) that replaced by the cement content were (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0%) of mixture weight (wt). The results demonstrated that the (NS) Nano type has better effect than other types on the concrete compressive strength.


I. INTRODUCTION
Operating Nano materials in a mixture of paste, mortar and concrete may enhance the mechanical properties and toughness of concrete.The effect of Nano material wad received the attention of many investigators in recent years.This is due to Nano materials showed a better performance in comparison to other condiments.A. Narender Reddy and T. Meena.(2017) offered an overall review on the influence of nano-silica in concrete and its applications for appropriate development.
Mahsa Zarehparvar-Shoja and Hamid Eskandari-Naddaf (2017) introduced a new method for concrete mix design by optimizing principles.The Taguchi statistical methods and the factorial design of the optimal mixing plan for this type of concrete were employed to minimize the number of tests to estimate the optimal composition of the materials.
Wei-Chien Wang et al. (2016) selected water-cement ratio 0.50 and slump 16 cm for ACI mix design, and used nano-clay to replace 0.1%, 0.30% and 0.50% of cement by weight to make cylinder and angle column specimens.Lev Alimov and Igor Engovatov (2016) explained the role of the aggregate in formation of the contact zone structure between the cement stone and the aggregate, which mainly consists of ettringite and portlandite.Rajeswari Prusty et al. (2015) showed the influence of various mix design parameters on the characteristics of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregates and nano-silica Touguchi method.A dopts water-cement ratio recycled coarse aggregate, maximum concrete content and nano-silica as factors with each one having three different levels.Mohamed I. Serag et al. (2014) examined the effect of changing the duration time of indirect sonication on the reactivity, and dispersion of nano silica as cement substitution for concrete mixes.S. Gopinath et al. (2014) presented the effects of addition of nano silica in normal strength concrete.Three types of nano-silica in the form of nano suspension having different quantity of silica content.
This paper presents an analysis to examine the effect of three different Nano-particles types of Nano materials namely; Nano-Iron Oxide Fe2O3 (NF), Nano-Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 (NM), and Nano-Silica SiO2 (NS) on the mechanical efficiency of concrete.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The considered Nano particles was ordered by the author and prepared under the supervision of the y chemistry department at Faculty of Science, Benha University.The following subsections described the tested concrete mixes.

B. Aggregates
The employed fine and coarse aggregates were obtained from the availability local, Fig. 1.

D. Nano-Iron Oxide (NF)
Nano-Iron Oxide (NF) is metal particles as shown in Fig. 2, and could be obtained in the different sizes ranged between (10 -100) nm.
The available in ultra-high purity were non-toxic material in nature and excellent dimensional stability.The main chemical equation for Nano -Iron Oxide can present in the following form: The different properties for (NF) component are listed in Table II.

E. Nano-Manganese Oxide (NM)
Nano-Manganese Oxide (NM) is also metal compound with a formula of Mn2O3 as shown in Fig. 3.These particles are odorless and non-toxic, and they always possess high hardness, high purity and high melting point.
The main chemical equation of Nano-Manganese Oxide is: The different properties for (NM) component are listed in  F. Nano-Silica (NS) Nano-Silica (NS) is available in the form of nano powder with the formula SiO2 as shown in Fig. 4.
Having a high surface area and known for their ability and prevent further formation of cell structures.
The main chemical equation for prepared Nano-Silica as the following: The different properties for (NS) component are listed in Table IV.

G. Experimental Setup
Concrete mix was designed with a constant water cement ratio and it was listed in Table V.The Nano-particles ratios were considered (0.5% -1.0% -2.0% -5.0%) of mixture weight.
Gelenium was considered as super plasticizers, the slump of specimens within (100 -200) mm to ensure all the concrete mixes to obtain an excellent workability.
The cubic specimens of (70 x 70 x 70) mm, were cast, after (7 -28) days respectively, standard curing cubic were tested to estimate the compressive strength by Concrete Breaker Jack Machine, Fig. 5.

A. Relationship between compressive strength and different Nano types
The compressive strength for different considered Nano types in this study for 7 and 28 days, respectively, are shown in Fig. 6 and 7.
The value of compressive strength increased as the Nano percentage for all Nano types increase.The maximum values obtained employing the Nano-Silica were about 20%.The compressive strength on day 28 increased to three times on the 7 days, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

E. Effect of compressive strength on abrasion resistance
The average abrasion depth value of different mixes decreased with increasing the percentage of the Nano materials.Also, the best result of the abrasion values was achieved with the Nano-Silica mix, Fig.The chemical side effect of the Nano particles on the steel must be studied in future research.
Jonbi et al. (2019) studied the emergence on nanotechnology.They presented the driven advancement of many materials, one of which is Nano-silica.Xin Wan et al. (2019) explored the influence of Nano silica on the carbonation resistance of concrete by manufactured several trial concrete mixes with varying water and concrete for carbonation depth test.Maohua Zhang et al. (2019) discussed whether nano-SiO2 and nano-Fe2O3 can alleviate the concrete worsening that caused.Belal Rahmanzadeh et al. (2018) studied the effect of water-cement ratio on abrasion resistance, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of nano silica concrete.A. Narender Reddy et al. (2018) reviewed the literatures of many researchers about the strength and durability performance of concrete with alccofine and nano silica.Verya Ghasemipor and Saber Piroti.(2018) presented the validity of water-cement ratio on the compressive and abrasion strength and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of concrete.Ahmed M. Yasien et al. (2018) presented the effect of utilizing different curing regimes water and lime water and different dosages of nano-silica substituted by weight of cement on mechanical and physical properties of concrete together.Hussein M Hamada et al. (2018) discussed the applications of nano waste materials incorporating palm oil fuel ash and fly ash in the concrete fabrication.Published on June 28, 2019.M. F. Abdelmagied is a Lecturer at Civil Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Egypt.K.I.M. Ibrahim (2017) studied of fiber content and fiber type impacts on compressive and tensile strengths.Alaa Gamal et al. (2017) investigated the influence of employing Nano and ultra-fine particles of recycled concrete with different ratios with respect to cement content by weight on the performance of reinforced concrete beams.

Fig. 6 .Fig. 7 .
Fig. 6.Comparison between compressive strength and Nano percentage for different Nano types at 7 days

Fig. 10 .
Fig. 10.The effect of (NF) percentages on the compressive strength

Fig. 17 .
Fig. 17.Comparison between average abrasion depth compressive strength for different Nano types Ordinary Portland cement were employed during the Influence of Different Nano Materials on Mechanical Properties of Plain Concrete current study.The considered grade was CEM I 52.5 N. The chemical analysis of applied cement is tabulated in TableI.

TABLE I :
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR USED CEMENT XRF (X-RAY